HISTORY NOTES FOR FORM TWO

Table of Contents

Download History notes based in current syllabus of Tanzania. The notes have been prepared by qualified professional teachers. Form Two History notes and revision questions on all topics.

EFFECTS OF COMMERCIAL CONTACTS BETWEEN AFRICAN AND MIDDLE EAST AND FAR EAST

ECONOMIC EFFECTS
1. Accumulation of wealth among the traders: Some African people engaged in trade activities become rich because of accumulation of enough wealth. Normally the trade rich class was emerged among the African societies. In East Africa the class of rich people included chief Kivoi of Kamba and Nganyo of Giriama in Kenya, Mirambo and Nyungu ya maweof Nyamwezi in Tanzania.

2. It has exposed Africa in to the external world : Africa was integrated in the world economy through supplying commodities which were in great demands by the outside world.

3. Intensive exploitation of Africa resources: The contact involved the exploitation of human resources by taking Africans away as slaves and some commodities such as Ivory, Gold and animals skins were taken away through unequal exchange.

4. Decline of local industries: The contacts resulted in to the decline of African local infustries due to importation new goods from the Asian countries and changing the behaviour of African from buying local commodities to buy foreign commodities such as cotton clothes and food utensils, hence decline of local industries.

5. Introduction of new crops: The contact resulted in to emergence of new crops Africa which later become very useful to Africans because they provided food stuffs as well as cash crops such crops were like coconut, palms, rice, millet, wheat, cloves and sugarcane.

6. It has led to the introduction of money economy: In East Africa coastal cities coins were minted and used as the medium of exchange therefore the use of currency replaced barter trade system.

7. Introduction of new arts and crafts: By 15th century various items were produced in Africa and village communities were transforming from simple to complex societies. Many towns developed due to arts and crafts; the art of writing navigation and money handling was also introduced.

SOCIAL EFFECTS

1. It led to depopulation: slave trade in Africa decreased the manpower because traders captured the able bodied people who were essential for production; the aged, weak and children were left behind while they could not manage to produce at large quantity.

2. Growth of Kiswahili language in east Africa: The contact between Africa and middle and far east resulted in to the emergence and growth of Swahili language in East Africa due to the introduction of new vocabularies like Adhabu, Elimu, Salami just to mention some few.

3. It contributed to growth of towns and cites: The contacts has stimulated the expansion of coastal cities due to population increase especially those places which become trading centres. Example Lamu, Pate, Mombasa, Bagamoyo, Tanga, Mogadishu, pemba, unguja and Pangani.

4. Spread of Islamic religion: The contact has contributed to the spread and expansion of Islamic religion along the coastal areas.

5. Cultural interfrence: The contact between Africa and middle east and far east has destroyed the indigenous culture due to introduction of new goods, achtecture, religion, arabic language and mullatos due to intermarriage.

6. Emergence of slave trade: The contact resulted in to emergence of slave trade where many African were suffered.

7. It has led to separation of families: The contact has led to separation of African families due slave trade and insecurity